Physical Geography forms the backbone of many competitive exams, particularly in topics such as the Interior of the LANDFORMS & Geomorphic Process. This chapter provides insights into the formation of our planet, the evolution of continents, early atmospheric conditions, and the geological timeline of life.
In this blog post, we’ve compiled 50 Most Important Geography GK Questions on the LANDFORMS & Geomorphic Process with detailed answers as a part of physical geography GK. These questions are ideal for aspirants preparing for UPSC, SSC, Railway, CDS, NDA, State PSC, and other government exams. Understanding these facts not only strengthens your static GK but also gives an edge in environment, science, and geography-related sections.
Multiple-Choice Question (Physical Geography GK Questions With Answers)
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🌍 LANDFORMS & Geomorphic Process: Physical Geography GK Questions
- Which of the following are endogenic forces?
a) Weathering
b) Mass wasting
c) Diastrophism
d) Erosion - Exogenic forces are also called:
a) Land building forces
b) Land wearing forces
c) Soil forming forces
d) Tectonic forces - The phenomenon of wearing down of relief through erosion is called:
a) Aggradation
b) Epeirogeny
c) Gradation
d) Diastrophism - Which energy source mainly drives endogenic processes?
a) Sunlight
b) Geothermal energy
c) Wind energy
d) Ocean currents - Orogeny refers to:
a) Building of continents
b) Folding and mountain building
c) Erosion by rivers
d) Formation of soils - Epeirogeny is best described as:
a) Mountain building
b) Volcanic eruption
c) Uplift of continents
d) Soil erosion - Which of the following is NOT an exogenic process?
a) Weathering
b) Mass wasting
c) Volcanism
d) Erosion - Which geomorphic agent is NOT controlled by climate?
a) Wind
b) Running water
c) Glaciers
d) Groundwater - The ultimate source of energy for exogenic processes is:
a) Sun’s heat
b) Radioactivity
c) Earth’s rotation
d) Tidal friction - Which of the following is a gradational process?
a) Deposition
b) Volcanism
c) Diastrophism
d) Earthquake - Which force is essential for downslope movement of materials?
a) Friction
b) Pressure
c) Gravity
d) Temperature - Weathering is primarily an:
a) Ex-situ process
b) In-situ process
c) Transport process
d) None of these - Which of the following is NOT a chemical weathering process?
a) Solution
b) Carbonation
c) Hydration
d) Frost action - Exfoliation is mainly caused by:
a) Mass wasting
b) Expansion and contraction due to temperature
c) Water percolation
d) Vegetation - Which weathering process involves removal of oxygen?
a) Carbonation
b) Hydration
c) Oxidation
d) Reduction - Which type of weathering is aided by burrowing animals?
a) Mechanical
b) Chemical
c) Biological
d) None of these - Which of the following is an example of a rapid mass movement?
a) Soil creep
b) Landslide
c) Solifluction
d) Heave - The Himalayas frequently experience landslides because:
a) Low rainfall
b) Tectonic activity and steep slopes
c) Hard rocks
d) Cold climate - Which of the following involves free fall of rock blocks?
a) Debris slide
b) Slump
c) Rock fall
d) Rockslide - Slump is characterized by:
a) Free fall of debris
b) Sliding of rock blocks
c) Backward rotation of debris mass
d) Flowing of water-laden mud - Which of the following agents can cause erosion in solid form?
a) Wind
b) Running water
c) Glaciers
d) Groundwater - Karst topography is mainly associated with:
a) Igneous rocks
b) Soluble limestone regions
c) Desert areas
d) Floodplains - Deposition occurs when erosional agents:
a) Gain velocity
b) Lose velocity
c) Are absent
d) Increase slope gradient - Which of the following controls weathering the most?
a) Latitude
b) Climate
c) Parent material
d) Time - The removal of silica from soil is called:
a) Eluviation
b) Illuviation
c) Desilication
d) Calcification - Which soil horizon is rich in humus?
a) B horizon
b) C horizon
c) A horizon
d) R horizon - Humus content is lowest in:
a) Temperate forests
b) Humid tropics
c) Tundra regions
d) Grasslands - Which bacteria helps in nitrogen fixation?
a) Lactobacillus
b) Rhizobium
c) Bacillus subtilis
d) Cyanobacteria - Parent material in soil formation is considered a:
a) Passive control factor
b) Active control factor
c) Dynamic factor
d) Climatic factor - Which climatic condition leads to hardpans in soils?
a) Humid climate
b) Cold climate
c) Arid climate
d) Equatorial climate - The process of eluviation refers to:
a) Upward movement of water
b) Downward removal of soil materials
c) Accumulation of humus
d) Salt crust formation - Illuviation refers to:
a) Loss of minerals from soil
b) Soil erosion by wind
c) Deposition of leached materials
d) Accumulation of salts on surface - Which of the following is an example of biological weathering?
a) Frost action
b) Root wedging
c) Salt crystallization
d) Hydration - Which soil is formed in tundra regions?
a) Black soil
b) Peaty soil
c) Laterite soil
d) Desert soil - Laterite soils are rich in:
a) Humus
b) Iron and aluminium
c) Silica
d) Potash - Which of the following is NOT a soil forming factor?
a) Time
b) Climate
c) Population
d) Topography - The depth of weathering mantle is greatest in:
a) Desert
b) Polar region
c) Tropical humid regions
d) Tundra - Which process is responsible for enrichment of valuable ores?
a) Mass wasting
b) Weathering
c) Deposition
d) Plate tectonics - Which process is called “denudation”?
a) Soil formation
b) Volcanism
c) Stripping off of surface cover
d) Plate movement - Which of the following processes occurs without transportation of material?
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Mass wasting
d) Deposition - Soil creep is an example of:
a) Rapid movement
b) Flow movement
c) Slow mass movement
d) Rock fall - Which of the following favours mass movements?
a) Dense vegetation
b) Gentle slope
c) Abundant rainfall
d) Strong rocks - Solifluction occurs in:
a) Deserts
b) Periglacial regions
c) Equatorial forests
d) Plains - In soil profile, horizon R represents:
a) Humus-rich layer
b) Weathered layer
c) Bedrock
d) Clay layer - Which one is a depositional landform?
a) Gorge
b) Cirque
c) Floodplain
d) Cliff - Which process prepares rocks for erosion?
a) Mass movement
b) Weathering
c) Deposition
d) Folding - Exfoliation domes are a result of:
a) Deposition
b) Unloading and thermal expansion
c) Folding
d) Chemical reduction - The active factors of soil formation are:
a) Parent material and topography
b) Climate and biological activity
c) Climate and time
d) Topography and parent rock - Which process aids in both soil formation and biodiversity?
a) Erosion
b) Weathering
c) Deposition
d) Folding - Which of the following is considered a degradational process?
a) Volcanism
b) Erosion
c) Folding
d) Plate tectonics
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Answer Key
| Q. No. | Answer Option | Q. No. | Answer Option |
| 1 | c. Diastrophism | 26 | c. A horizon |
| 2 | b. Land wearing forces | 27 | b. Humid tropics |
| 3 | c. Gradation | 28 | b. Rhizobium |
| 4 | b. Geothermal energy | 29 | a. Passive control factor |
| 5 | b. Folding and mountain building | 30 | c. Arid climate |
| 6 | c. Uplift of continents | 31 | b. Downward removal of soil materials |
| 7 | c. Volcanism | 32 | c. Deposition of leached materials |
| 8 | d. Groundwater | 33 | b. Root wedging |
| 9 | a. Sun’s heat | 34 | b. Peaty soil |
| 10 | a. Deposition | 35 | b. Iron and aluminium |
| 11 | c. Gravity | 36 | c. Population |
| 12 | b. In-situ process | 37 | c. Tropical humid regions |
| 13 | d. Frost action | 38 | b. Weathering |
| 14 | b. Expansion and contraction due to temperature | 39 | c. Stripping off of surface cover |
| 15 | d. Reduction | 40 | a. Weathering |
| 16 | c. Biological | 41 | c. Slow mass movement |
| 17 | b. Landslide | 42 | c. Abundant rainfall |
| 18 | b. Tectonic activity and steep slopes | 43 | b. Periglacial regions |
| 19 | c. Rock fall | 44 | c. Bedrock |
| 20 | c. Backward rotation of debris mass | 45 | c. Floodplain |
| 21 | c. Glaciers | 46 | b. Weathering |
| 22 | b. Soluble limestone regions | 47 | b. Unloading and thermal expansion |
| 23 | b. Lose velocity | 48 | b. Climate and biological activity |
| 24 | b. Climate | 49 | b. Weathering |
| 25 | c. Desilication | 50 | b. Erosion |
Tips for Aspirants – Why These GK Questions Matter
If you’re aiming for exams like UPSC, SSC, Railways, or other State Public Service Commissions, mastering Geography GK is a must. Questions from “LANDFORMS & Geomorphic Process” are frequently repeated in exams because they establish a scientific foundation for understanding the Earth’s structure, processes, and time-scale evolution.
🟢 These GK questions with answers help in:
- Strengthening your static GK base
- Quick revision of conceptual theories
- Differentiating between similar-sounding options
- Retaining chronological facts like geological periods and major events (Cambrian Explosion, Great Oxygenation, etc.)
Pro Tip: Revise these questions multiple times, focus on keywords, and try linking each theory to a scientist’s name—it really helps in the elimination strategy!
Conclusion
We hope you found this collection of 50 MCQs on the LANDFORMS & Geomorphic Process helpful in your exam preparation. Geography isn’t just about memorizing names and dates—it’s about understanding how our planet came to be and how it continues to change.
👉 Stay tuned for Geography GK Part-4
✍️ For more GK questions with answers, visit our dedicated 👉 GK Section.
