Use our Current Affairs 2025 PDF for October 2025 to stay ahead of the curve in your exam preparation. This monthly compilation covers a wide range of significant national and international events, government programs, appointments, sports, the economy, and more, making it a handy resource. Remember to download the Monthly Current Affairs PDF, which can be found at the conclusion of this article. Also available for download is the PDF MCQ Practice Set, which covers common exam questions for the UPSC, SSC, banking, railroads, and other state-level competitive exams.
A. National
1. India set three Guinness World Records
India set three Guinness World Records under the Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan campaign, including the highest number of people registering on a healthcare platform in a month (over 3.21 crore), most breast cancer screening sign-ups in a week (9.94 lakh women), and most vital signs screening sign-ups in a week (1.25 lakh people), showcasing unprecedented multi-ministry and community participation.
2. Advanced drone technology in Lakshadweep
On October 31, 2025, Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari announced that the Indian Air Force (IAF) will expand its presence in Lakshadweep and boost drone operations, emphasizing the role of indigenous industries and launching the Mehar Baba Competition to accelerate innovations in drone technology.
3. National Wildlife Week 2025
“Human-Wildlife Coexistence” was the theme of the celebration, which took place from October 2–8. According to the Tiger Census 2025, which the Ministry of Environment released, there are now 3682 tigers in India as on 2022 census. Additionally, projects such as the Namami Gange Wildlife Corridors and Project Elephant 2.0 were initiated.
4. National Education Policy (NEP) Review Initiated
After five years, the Education Ministry started evaluating the implementation of NEP 2020. Digital literacy, learning multiple languages, and incorporating vocational courses into high school curricula are among the focus areas. With more funding set aside for educational infrastructure, the government hopes to implement NEP completely by 2030.
5. Uttarakhand Tara Devi Ropeway Approved
The Cabinet approved a ropeway project in Uttarakhand linking Tara Devi-Shimla Ropeway Project, worth ₹1734 crore. By cutting the travel time from five hours to just thirty minutes, this 13.79-kilometer ropeway will be the longest in India. In order to promote spiritual tourism, the project is in line with the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
6. Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 Announced
The Ministry of Science & Technology honoured 30+ Indian scientists for contributions across astrophysics, materials science, and biotechnology. Late Prof. Jayant Narlikar was posthumously awarded the Vigyan Ratna for his pioneering cosmological research. Vigyan Shree Puraskar was awarded in 8 discipline. The awards aim to promote indigenous innovation and inspire youth toward scientific excellence.
7. 8th Central Pay Commission (CPC) Approved
The 8th CPC was approved by the Union Cabinet under the Chairmanship of Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, and the updated pay scales will take effect in January 2026. More than 1 crore central government workers and retirees are anticipated to gain from it, increasing economic liquidity and consumption. Incorporating performance-based pay plans and updated benefits is another duty assigned to the commission.
8. Global Firework Index 2025
Countries are ranked according to their military might, defense prowess, and worldwide influence in the Global Firepower Index 2025 by Global Firepower. It takes into account over 60 variables, such as personnel, machinery, technology and defense spending plans to evaluate the total power of each country. This yearly ranking provides a clear picture of how countries stack up in terms of strategic strength and military preparedness.
B. Government Schemes
1. PM SETU (Skill Enhancement and Training Upgrade)
Modernizing 1,000 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) throughout India is the goal of the ₹60,000 crore PM SETU Scheme. It will incorporate 3D design, robotics, AI, and renewable energy into industrial skill courses. The project aims to equip 1 crore young people with skills that will be useful in the future, supporting India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.
2. Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana
The program, which was started to promote organic and sustainable farming, provides ₹24,000 crore for the development of farmers’ capacity. It encourages precision farming, soil health cards, and subsidies for biofertilizer. Within three years, the mission aims to increase farmers’ income by 20% and decrease their reliance on chemicals.
3. Mission for Aatmanirbharata in Pulses
This mission, which will cost ₹11,440 crore in total, intends to produce enough pulses to be self-sufficient by FY2027. Under PMFBY, it offers crop insurance and high-yielding pulse varieties. The program will guarantee price and nutritional stability by reducing India’s imports of pulses by 30%.
4. Vishwas Scheme
End EPF litigation through rationalized penal damages, digital tools, and simplified partial withdrawal norms.
5. UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik)
Launched in 2016 by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. Regional air connectivity enabling 1.56 crore passengers through 649 routes, targeting hilly and NE regions.
6. Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) Scheme
Promote efficient water use, micro-level water storage and conservation, and raise farmers’ income. Revised guidelines in 2025 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Earlier, the fund utilization was restricted to 20% and 40% for mainland states and NE states/UTs respectively. Now the restriction has been withdrawn.
7. AI-Powered Relaunch of the Sugamya Bharat App
After being updated and relaunched, the accessibility app now supports ten Indian languages and has an AI chatbot. This centralized platform makes it simple to access government programs created especially for the elderly and disabled.
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C. International Affairs
1. India–UK Strategic Partnership Boost
With an emphasis on AI, clean energy, and 6G innovation, India and the UK inked 12 memorandums of understanding totaling £24 million. In order to support collaborative research and startups, a new UK–India Tech Center was established in London. In terms of strengthening bilateral trade and technological cooperation after Brexit, this is a major step.
2. East Timor Joins ASEAN
East Timor (Timor-Leste) officially became the 11th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The move enhances regional connectivity and energy cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. India congratulated East Timor, reaffirming its commitment to the Act East Policy.
3. IMF Revises India’s Growth Outlook
India’s GDP forecast for FY26 was updated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to 6.6%, citing robust domestic demand. It highlighted how resilient India has been in the face of global unpredictability, with reforms increasing exports and manufacturing. India’s major economy continues to grow at the fastest rate in the world.
4. India–Japan Digital Partnership Expanded
New Memorandums of Understanding were signed on smart city innovation, EV battery technology, and semiconductor research. Japan promised to invest $2.1 billion in India’s green energy and digital industries. The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) vision was reaffirmed by both countries.
5. Philippines Launches Coral Cryobank
Using liquid nitrogen at -196°C to preserve coral larvae, the Philippines established the first Coral Cryobank in Southeast Asia. The goal of this important Coral Triangle project is to protect marine genetic diversity from bleaching brought on by climate change.
6. Global Climate Pact – COP30 Pre-Summit Talks
With 120 countries in attendance, India hosted the Pre-COP30 Climate Dialogue in New Delhi. PM Modi called on wealthy nations to fulfill their $100 billion yearly climate finance pledges. India’s leadership in green energy transition and sustainable development was reaffirmed by the event.
7. India–Bhutan Bilateral Rail Connectivity
Both nations approved two new rail projects — Kokrajhar–Gelephu and Banarhat–Samtse — worth ₹4,033 crore. These lines will enhance trade and tourism between India and Bhutan. The initiative also strengthens India’s Neighbourhood First policy.
8. Trade Partnership Between India and EFTA Commences
On October 1, 2025, the European Free Trade Association (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein) and the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) went into force. EFTA countries have committed to investing a significant $100 billion over 15 years in India, which is anticipated to generate 1 million direct jobs.
9. UN Security Council Reform Support
24th Oct, marking the UN’s eightieth anniversary, the Secretary-General today reminded the Security Council that its mission is not about great Powers but about “the lives of parents, refugees and soldiers — about human suffering and human hope”, urging the “privileged few who sit at this table” to uphold that mandate. Also on the topic of fair representation, Guyana’s delegate pointed out: “In no other international structure in the world can 6.6 per cent of the vote cancel 93.3 per cent.”
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D. Economy
1. UPI Expands to Qatar
The expansion of UPI services in Qatar was announced by the NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL). This enables Indian expatriates and tourists to use local merchant networks to make rupee-linked payments in real time. It represents a significant turning point in India’s goal to establish UPI as a worldwide payment system.
2. RBI Maintains Repo Rate and Neutral Stance
Under Governor Sanjay Malhotra, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) maintained its “Neutral” policy stance and the repo rate at 5.50%. By lowering the CPI inflation forecast to 2.6% and increasing the FY26 GDP growth estimate to 6.8%, the RBI demonstrated optimism.
3. India’s Renewable Energy Sector Crosses 250 GW
With 256.09 GW of installed non-fossil fuel capacity, India met more than 50% of the 2030 target five years ahead of schedule. Eighty percent of the growth came from solar and wind, with Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Gujarat leading the way. India’s standing as a global leader in climate action is strengthened by this accomplishment.
4. PayPal Integrates UPI Cross-Border Payments
PayPal integrated UPI as its first global partner in the PayPal World platform, effective October 7, 2025. This partnership significantly expands the cross-border payment capabilities available to Indian users globally.
5. SBI Wins Global Finance Awards
The State Bank of India (SBI) secured the prestigious Global Finance awards, winning both the title of ‘World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025’ and ‘Best Bank in India 2025’.
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E. Awards & Recognition
1. NOBEL PRIZE 2025
| Category | Laureates | Country | Work / Contribution |
| Physiology or Medicine | Mary E. Brunkow | USA | For pioneering discoveries on peripheral immune tolerance, a mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking its own tissues. Their collaborative research identified regulatory T cells (Tregs). |
| Fred Ramsdell | USA | ||
| Shimon Sakaguchi | Japan | ||
| Physics | John Clarke | USA (University of California, Berkeley) | For their groundbreaking discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit. Their work proved that quantum phenomena can occur in large-scale systems and paved the way for advanced technologies like quantum computing. |
| Michel H. Devoret | USA (Yale University / University of California, Santa Barbara) | ||
| John M. Martinis | USA (University of California, Santa Barbara) | ||
| Chemistry | Susumu Kitagawa | Japan (Kyoto University) | For their groundbreaking work developing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, Kitagawa contributed research on Flexible and functional MOFs. MOFs are advanced molecular structures that can capture gases, store toxic chemicals, catalyze reactions, and harvest water from desert air. |
| Richard Robson | Australia (University of Melbourne) | For their work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, Robson contributed research on First spacious molecular constructions. | |
| Omar M. Yaghi | USA (University of California) | For their work on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, Yaghi contributed research on Stable and customizable MOFs. | |
| Literature | László Krasznahorkai | Hungary | Honored “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art”. He is renowned for his dense, poetic, and apocalyptic prose. |
| Peace | Maria Corina Machado | Venezuela | For her tireless work promoting democratic rights in Venezuela and fighting for a peaceful transition from authoritarian rule to democracy. She was recognized for her nonviolent resistance and civilian courage. |
| Economics | Joel Mokyr | USA (Northwestern University) | For their groundbreaking contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth. Mokyr’s focus was the Prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress. |
| Philippe Aghion | France / UK | For their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth. Aghion (jointly with Howitt) developed the Theory of sustained growth through creative destruction. | |
| Peter Howitt | USA (Brown University) | For their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth. Howitt (jointly with Aghion) developed the Theory of sustained growth through creative destruction. |
2. DRDO Wins BusinessLine Changemaker Award
The DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) won the BusinessLine Changemaker Award 2025 for Strategic & Defence Innovation. This award recognized its leadership in fostering indigenous strategic technologies and achieving self-reliance in defence.
3. Laapataa Ladies Equals Filmfare Record
Kiran Rao’s film Laapataa Ladies dominated the 70th Filmfare Awards, held in Ahmedabad, by sweeping a total of 13 awards, including Best Film and Best Director. This monumental achievement matched the record set previously by Gully Boy in 2020.
4. India Ranks 2nd in Times Higher Education Rankings
In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2026, India ranked 2nd globally in terms of institutional representation, with 128 institutions featured. IISc Bengaluru was highlighted as the top Indian institution, ranking in the 201-250 band.
6. Kenton R. Miller Award for Kaziranga
Sonali Ghosh, Director of Kaziranga National Park, became the first Indian recipient of the prestigious Kenton R. Miller Award from IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas. She was recognized for successfully implementing a highly effective community-driven conservation model.
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F. Science & Technology
1. ISRO to Launch CMS-03 – India’s Heaviest Communication Satellite
India’s heaviest communication satellite, CMS-03, is set to launch in November 2025, according to ISRO. It will improve television, broadband, and secure communication coverage throughout South Asia and weigh more than 5,000 kg. Operating out of Sriharikota, the mission enhances India’s independence in high-throughput satellite technology.
2. Vyommitra – India’s Spacefaring Humanoid Ready for Gaganyaan
At the Human Spaceflight Centre, ISRO’s semi-humanoid robot Vyommitra finished its last life-support simulations. It will be used to test onboard automation and crew module safety during the uncrewed Gaganyaan mission (2026–27). Vyommitra can communicate with astronauts, keep an eye on the cabin environment, and handle emergencies.
3. Google Sets Up $15 Billion AI Data Centre in Andhra Pradesh
Tech giant Google inaugurated a $15 billion AI and Cloud Data Centre in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The facility will create 1.8 lakh jobs and strengthen India’s data storage and AI research capabilities.
4. Cabinet Extends Biomedical Research Career Programme (BRCP)
The Cabinet approved the continuation of the BRCP Phase-III until 2030–31, with a budget of ₹1,500 crore (jointly funded by DBT and Wellcome Trust). The programme aims to train over 2,000 biomedical researchers and enhance women’s participation by 10–15% in Tier-2 and Tier-3 institutions.
5. India Develops Indigenous Antibiotic
Nafithromycin Indian Biotech Researchers successfully developed Nafithromycin, India’s first indigenous antibiotic. This new drug is effective against community-acquired pneumonia, marking a significant domestic milestone in pharmaceutical innovation.
6. Mission Drishti: India’s First Multi-Sensor Satellite
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) inaugurated Phase III of the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM). The phase will add 18 petaflops of capacity across Indian research institutions.
G. Sports
1. Mirabai Chanu Wins Silver at World Weightlifting Championships
At the 2025 World Championships in Doha, Olympic medallist Mirabai Chanu won silver in the 49kg division. She lifted 203 kg (88 snatch + 115 clean & jerk). She finished on the podium six times in a row, maintaining her world ranking at No. 2 despite a slight strain to her back.
2. India to Host Commonwealth Games 2030
Ahmedabad was confirmed as the host city for the 2030 Commonwealth Games, making India the first Asian nation to host twice. The ₹8,200 crore project will include green arenas and AI-based crowd management.
3. Sachin Tendulkar Launches Sportswear Brand ‘TEN x You’
The renowned cricketer Sachin Tendulkar introduced TEN x You, a high-end sportswear brand. In addition to partnering with the Indian Olympic Association to sponsor athletes, the brand encourages youth fitness. It represents how sports, entrepreneurship, and innovative lifestyles are increasingly coming together in India.
H. Books & Publications
| Book Title | Author | Theme / Subject |
| They Will Shoot You, Madam | Harinder Baweja | Memoir on conflict journalism and reporting from Punjab and Kashmir |
| Ready, Relevant and Resurgent II | Gen. Anil Chauhan | Indian defence reforms, indigenization, and modern warfare strategy |
| Modi’s Mission | Berjis Desai | Analysis of PM Modi’s leadership, foreign and domestic policy vision |
I. Importants Days & Themes
| Date | Day / Event | Theme (2025) |
| 1 October | International Day of Older Persons | Older Persons Driving Local and Global Action |
| 4 October | World Animal Day (100th Anniversary) | Save Animals, Save the Planet! |
| 6 October | World Habitat Day | Urban Crisis Response |
| 8 October | Indian Air Force Day | Modernization and Operational Readiness |
| 10 October | World Mental Health Day | Access to Services – Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies |
| 13 October | International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction | Fund Resilience, Not Disasters |
| 14 October | World Standards Day | A Shared Vision for a Better World |
| 17 October | International Day for the Eradication of Poverty | Ending social and institutional maltreatment by ensuring respect and effective support for families |
| 20 October | World Osteoporosis Day | It’s Unacceptable! |
| 24 October | United Nations Day | Building Our Future Together |
| 27 October | World Audiovisual Heritage Day | Digitizing Our Shared UNESCO History |
| 29 October | World Stroke Day | Every Minute Counts |
J. Obituary
| Person Name | Field | Born Place | Paraphrased Key Notes |
| Dr. G. G. Parikh | Gandhian Socialist & Freedom Fighter | Mumbai, Maharashtra | Passed away at 100 on October 2, 2025. A veteran of the Quit India Movement, he was revered as the ‘Saint of the Socialists’ and remained a lifelong champion of Gandhian ideals and social equality. |
| Pandit Chhannulal Mishra | Hindustani Classical Music (Banaras Gharana) | Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh | Died at 89 in Mirzapur. A Padma Bhushan recipient and master of the Banaras Gharana, he was known for blending Khyal and Thumri styles that beautifully united classical and folk traditions. |
| Varinder Singh Ghuman | Actor & Professional Bodybuilder | Amritsar, Punjab | Passed away on October 9, 2025, at 41. Mr. India 2009 titleholder, acclaimed actor, and the world’s first vegetarian bodybuilder; known for roles in Tiger 3, Roar, and Marjaavaan. |
| Pankaj Dheer | Actor (Television & Film) | Mumbai, Maharashtra | Died on October 15, 2025, aged 68. Celebrated for portraying Karna in B.R. Chopra’s Mahabharat; also featured in Bollywood films like Baadshah and Zameen. A revered figure in Indian TV history. |
| Asrani | Veteran Bollywood Actor & Comedian | Jaipur, Rajasthan | Passed away at 84. The legendary comedian, remembered for his ‘British jailer’ role in Sholay, acted in over 300 films. A defining face of Hindi cinema’s golden comedic era. |
| Diane Keaton | Hollywood Actress & Oscar Winner | Los Angeles, USA | Died at 79 in California. The Oscar-winning actress, born in 1946, was acclaimed for Annie Hall, The Godfather, and Something’s Gotta Give. A style icon and one of Hollywood’s most versatile stars. |
| Ravi Sitaram Naik | Politician, Former CM of Goa | Ponda, Goa | Passed away at 79. Former Chief Minister of Goa (1991–94) and Agriculture Minister, he played a major role in advancing the state’s agricultural and rural sectors. |
| Dr. Eknath Vasant Chitnis | Space Scientist | Kolhapur, Maharashtra | Died at 100 in Pune. A key architect of India’s space programme, he collaborated closely with Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and laid the groundwork for ISRO’s early missions. |
| Chen-Ning Yang | Theoretical Physicist & Nobel Laureate | Hofei, Anhwei, China | Passed away at 103 in Beijing. The 1957 Nobel Laureate in Physics was celebrated for his Parity Violation Theory and pioneering work in quantum field theory. |
| Dr. K. Mathangi Ramakrishnan | Plastic Surgeon & Medical Innovator | Chennai, Tamil Nadu | Died aged 91 on October 27, 2025. Founder of South India’s first government burns unit and innovator of collagen membrane treatment; awarded the Padma Shri in 2002 for medical excellence. |
| Rishabh Tandon | Singer & Music Composer | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh | Passed away at 35 from a cardiac arrest. An emerging indie musician and playback singer, best known for his hit song Yeh Ashiqui. Left behind a lasting influence on modern Indian music. |
| Piyush Pandey | Advertising Legend | Jaipur, Rajasthan | Passed away in 2025. Often hailed as the ‘Father of Indian Advertising’, he led Ogilvy India since 1982, creating some of India’s most iconic ad campaigns that shaped brand storytelling. |
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